Building construction



ILDING CONsTRUGTwN Filed Oct Patented Septo 30, i924@ STAT-ES isiaaai 'retratar @aerea 'WLLIAWLI H. EXCKS, 0F LUS AElLNGrELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSEGNQR TO LYCUBGUS LINDSAY, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIEA.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

Application led October 26, 1922. Serial No. 597,084,

Taallwkomz'tmay concern: Be it known that I, VVILIJAM HICKS, a citizen' of the United States, residing at Los Angeles7 in the county ofvLos i E'Angeles and State ofv California, have invented new Aand useful Improvements in I Building Constructions, of which the following isa specification. y

This invention relates to building con- 10 structions and more particularly 'to composite wood and cement walls.

1t is an object of the present invention to provide a composite wall and method of building the saine wherein usual wooden wall studs are erected in suitable spacedrelation, and to the inner longitudinal edges of the studs is applied a waterproof layer as of paper and over this is laid a suitable lath which are plastered over to form an inside plaster wall surface. The outer surface of the wall consists of a reinforced cement coat' which is bonded to an inner fill of aggregate, this latter being oflcellular form and packedbetween the studs The invention has broadly for its object to provide a substantial, durable waterproof wall of inexpensive construction and which may be erected rapidly without requirement of highly skilled mechanics.I It is an object to provide a wall which will be practically free from the results of capillary attraction and which will be sufficiently elastic to provide for expansion and contraction without the production of structural cracks and crevices.

Other objects and advantages will be made manifest in the following specific-ation of an embodiment ofthe invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings, whereini Figure 1 is a horizontal section of one form of the wall.

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of a fragment' of the wall with the exterior cement coat broken away to show the reinforcing wire.

Fig. 3 is a perspective showing another form of the wall.

Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section through the wall before the introduction of the rubble fill and plaster and cement coats.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the wall of the type shown in Fig. 3.

In my' invention wooden wall studs 2 or, as the case might be, joists are positioned and rigidly framed up. These studs may stance ordinary two by four'studs in most by the sheet or layer 3 of Whatever its charbe of any suitable dimension, as for incases, and upon the inside edges of the studs there is applied preferably a suitable waterproof cover, such as paper, wall board, button board 3, or the like, and upon this layer there is applied a lathing 4. When the 6U sheeting or layer 3 is of button board it is possible to omit the lath 4. It is understood that when a waterproof paper is-utilized as the sheet 3 that any'suitable type of lath 4 may be applied so as to provide for the 65 requisite key space of` the inner surfaceplaster 5. l

To the outer faces of the studs is secured a layer of wire, preferably chicken wire 6 of suitable mesh and over this there is placed va substantial reinforcing fabric 7 secured firmly to the studding 2 as by staples 8 or4 otherwise as is also the chicken wire sheet 6. The fabric 7 is woven wire of coarse mesh and heavy stiff wire so as to hold the chicken wire from bulging outwardl From this it will be 'seen that tiere is formed between each pair of studs a chamber, the inner walls of which are formed acter, and the outer sides of the chambers are formed by the chicken wire 6. This chicken wire preferably has such mesh as to retain in the chambers between the studs 2 a filling which consists preferably of rubble or aggregate 10, such for instance as pieces of stone or other suitable material of about an inch and a half screen size. The rubble l0 is first mixed with neat cement, magnesite orl asphaltum cement to such an extent that each of the fragments of the rubble is well coated and the coated rubble is tamped in the wall chambers to make a good pack but without closing the voids or spaces formed within the rubble mass. It will be seen that this cellular rubble mass provides, when the pieces are bonded at points of contact by the cement, for a rigid body of slab form in each chamber between the studs, and this body possesses a great degree of strength and at the same time of far less weight than is produced by a solid concrete fill. The cel- Y lular slabs. formed within the wall in this manner is also substantially free from the usual capillary attraction properties of Solid cement bodies, and this results in forming a substantially waterproof Wall, Eiipansion and contraction of the slabs may occur without the production of structural cracks and crevices.

The exterior of the wall is formed of a cement plaster preferably of the type known as sidewalk finish 11 which is applied to the reinforcing and chicken wire to any suitable degree of thickness. The sidewalk finish plaster will penetrate the interstices of the rubble till slightly, as for instanceonehalf to one inch in depth and will therefore form a thorough interlock between the aggregate fill and the exterior wall surface, which latter is given a high degree of strength by the reinforcing fabric 7 as well also by the chicken wire 6.

It will be seen that the degree of strength desired is obtained from the reinforcing fabric 7 primarily, since the chicken wire 6 serves principally the function of a foraminous mold wall for containing the rubble in the chamber between the wall studs or parallel elements 2.

To obtain a wall of greater thickness and still utilize two by four studs 2, it is only necessary to apply horizontal stringers 13 suitably spaced vertically to the studs and proceed in the manner above described to form the inside wall body by a suitable material such as wire., lath or paper layer 3 and to fasten to the outer faces of the horizontal member 13 the' inner layer of chicken wire 6 andthe outer layer of reinforcing 7. -This form work having been completed, the rubble till 10 is then introduced and will build up a body having a thickness equal to the added dimensions of the vertical members 2 andthe horizontal members 13, as clearly shown in Figs. 4 and The outside finishing coat 11 is finally applied to the reinforce and chicken wire and will bond itself thoroughly with the contignous face or faces of the rubble fill 10.

Further embodiments, modifications and changes may be resorted to within the, spirit of the invention as here claimed.

What is claimed is:

1. A composite wall consisting of stud members having an inside layer or sheet forming impervious mold-like sides along the inside faces of the studs, a webbing applied to the outside faces of the studs to form a mold side, reinforcing fabric secured over the said webbing, a cementitious filling in the mold-like chambers formed between -the studs and the inside and outside layers thereon, and an exterior cementitious coat embedding the fabric and the webbing.

2. A composite wall consisting of stud members having an inside layer or sheet forming mold-like sides along the inside faces of the studs, a webbing applied to the-v outside, faces of the studs/to yform'a mold A n l n l side, reinforcing fabric secured over the sald webbing, a cementitious filli/ng in the moldlike chambers formed between the studs and the inside and outside layers thereon, and an exterior ycementitious coat embedding the fabric and the webbing and slightly pene- Y trating the cementitious fill in the chambers between the studs.

3. A composite wall consisting of stud members having an inside impervious layer or sheet forming mold-like sidesalong the inside facesof the studs, a webbing applied to the outside faces of thestuds to form a mold side, reinforcing fabric'secured over the said webbing, a cellular cementitious filling in the mold-like chambers formed between the studs and the inside .and outside layers thereon, and anexterior cementitious coat embedding the fabric and the webbing.

4. A composite wall consist-ing of stud members, an inner' wall finish structure forming inner mold sides along the studs,

superposed fabric outer elements applied to the studs and forming foraminous outer mold sides along the studs, a rubble fill in the chambers between the studs and the thus formed mold sides, a cement outer wall coat embedding the fabric, and keying inthe rubble fil 5. A composite wall consisting of stud members, an inner wall fin-ish structure forming inner mold sides along the studs, superposed fabric outer wire mesh elements applied to the studs and forming forami-v nous outer mold sides along the studs, a rubble fill in the chambers between the studs and the thus formed mold sides, and a cement outer wall coat embedding the fabric, the rubble fill consisting of fragments interlocked by a cement coat.

6. In a building construction, stud members, a water-proof cover secured to the inner sides of the stud members, lath secured against the water-proof cover, plaster applied against the lath, means applied to the outer faces of the studs for making a holding wall, and coated rubble dumped be- IV. H. HICKS. 

